Božena Němcová, která se stala operní hrdinkou

18 November 2017, 19:00
Božena Němcová, která se stala operní hrdinkou

Původní komorní opera Jsem kněžna bláznů měla premiéru v brněnské Redutě.  Autorkami operní novinky, která mapuje soukromý i tvůrčí život první české spisovatelky Boženy Němcové, se staly skladatelka Lenka Nota a dokumentaristka Olga Sommerová. Libreto vzniklo na základě Němcové korespondence, básní Františka Halase, Vladimíra Holana a Františka Pavlíčka. Novou operu představil Ensemble Opera Diversa v Mozartově v pátek 17. listopadu.

Hudba Lenky Noty vznikala na libreto Sommerové několik let. Z původního obsazení pro klavír a smyčcové kvarteto ji pak skladatelka překomponovala na míru souboru a pro komorní orchestr v obsazení flétna, fagot, hoboj, klarinet, klavír a smyčce. V hudebním nastudování dirigentky Gabriely Tardonové, v režii Kristiany Belcredi a ve scénické a kostýmní výpravě Sylvy Markové tak vznikla veskrze opera téměř výhradně ženská a podtrhující spisovatelčin emancipační odkaz.

Bolestný příběh ženy, která se neztotožnila toliko s údělem manželky a matky, zasadil jmenovaný inscenační tým do zašlé kuchyně panelákového bytu. Mezi bábovkou a pečenými kuřaty tady aktéři ilustrují zárodky obrozenecké literatury i emancipační vlny. Operu o devíti obrazech otevírá obraz nešťastné lásky – vstup do manželství. Po celou dobu neměnná scéna s kuchyňskou linkou, stolem a barovými židlemi plní ironizující funkci omezeného prostoru působnosti ženy předminulého století. Vstup na scénu je tady vtipně řešený skrz lednici, troubu nebo kuchyňský dřez, z nichž často promlouvají čtyři zpěváci v roli komentátorů, dětí, milenců i udavačů.  Se stejnou nadsázkou zobrazují autorky nesčetně Boženiných milenců, u nichž marně hledala lásku a niterné porozumění. Herci vybíhají v nátělnících s pořadovým číslem na prsou.

Libreto Olgy Sommerové nese krásnou, ale na operní poměry velmi hutnou linii textu hraničící s nezpěvností. Opera sama pak způsobem zacházení s mluveným slovem má charakter melodramu. Jediná role je zde čistě činoherní a to postava manžela Josefa Němce. Odráží se takto jeho nepochopení poetického světa Boženy, jeho surovost a chlad. Text bohužel při premiéře utrpěl velkou akustikou Mozartova sálu. Velmi exponované pasáže orchestru často navíc zapříčinily místy až nesrozumitelnost textu. Stejně tak se sdělení místy utápělo v neobratném překrývání zpívaných partů s mluvenými. Inscenaci by možná tak více slušel menší divadelní prostor s orchestrem zapuštěným pod úroveň jeviště.

Je jen ke škodě, že slovní sdělení zůstalo divákům do značné míry utajené, protože sdělení hudební potom zůstalo kompozičně bohužel poněkud nevyužité. Hudba sama o sobě nezachází do extrémnějších poloh expresivity ani intimity a nevyhraněně tak balancuje mezi patosem, nadsázkou a plytkostí. Zdařile ale ilustruje krátké lyrické motivy s hrdinčinými útěky k jejím psaným příběhů. Avšak tak široká paleta jakou je život Boženy Němcové se vší nevykřičenou křivdou společenské předurčenosti ženského údělu, tak zůstala v instrumentaci bez hlubší výpovědi.

Roli spisovatelky ztvárnila mezzosopranistka Jarmila Balážová. Byla herecky přesvědčivou Boženou, kterou láskou překypující srdce, nepochopení duševní rozervanosti a snaha o zachování vlastní ženské sebeúcty ubila. Ve velmi náročném partu s mnoha velkými intervalovými skoky měla však pěvkyně absolutní kontrolu nad svým plným a barevně sytým hlasem. Stejně tak výborně ladilo kvarteto Tereza Maličkayová, Pavla Radostová, Martin Javorský a Aleš Janiga. Nevelký prostor dostal v činoherní roli manžela Josefa herec Lukáš Rieger. Na svůj větší part si počkal až v samém závěru inscenace, dramatickou a emočně vyhrocenou situaci plnou nezastavitelné agrese, kterou řečnicky perfektně ustál.

Vynikající výkon odvedl orchestr pod vedením dirigentky Gabriely Tardonové, která vykřesala z předepsané instrumentace maximálně možný emoční efekt i s technickou precizností hráčů.

V dnešní době často rozporuplných emancipačních kampaní si málo připomínáme Němcovou jako jednu z prvních vlastenek bojujících za svůj vlastní život. Opera Jsem kněžna bláznů Němcovou jistým způsobem staví mezi hrdinku a mučednici, ale bez ambice jasného rozsudku.

Jsem kněžna bláznů, premiéra 17.11. 2017, Hudba: Lenka Nota, Libreto: Olga Sommerová, Dirigentka: Gabriela Tardonová, Režie: Kristiana Belcredi, Scéna a kostýmu: Sylva Marková, Božena Němcová: Jarmila Balážová, Josef Němec: Lukáš Rieger, Komentátoři/Hosté/Udavači/Děti/Milenci/Historici: Tereza Maličkayová, Pavla Radostová, Martin Javorský, Aleš Janiga

Foto Vít Kobza

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